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Writing is a planned activity to put one’s ideas, thoughts and plans to paper. Writing is of many kinds, i.e. academic writing, analytical writing, creative writing, report writing etc. Simply, a three step procedure is adopted for writing, i.e. planning, writing, and completing after revising. These there steps can further be divided as illustrated in the diagram below:

2.     Communication

Communication is exchange of thoughts, ideas, and information with any kind of medium to any kind of receiver. It is a two way process. Communication can be oral, written and both audio visual.

3.     Role of writing in communication

Writing is an important medium of communication. Simple and clear writing conveys its message easily and efficiently, but tough language, ambiguous words; difficult tense structure can be a hurdle in better communication.

4.     Essential characteristics of better communication

Thill & Bovee (2005) consider the following characteristics essential for better communication:

1.      Organized ideas and thoughts

If writing is organized and has sequence, it results in better communication.

2.      Expression and presentation of ideas coherently and persuasively

If the writers present ideas and thoughts in rational and persuasive way, the readers can easily be trapped, convinced and motivated.

3.      Knowledge of what other know and what know not

The writers must have knowledge of what the readers already know about the work, they are doing and write accordingly

4.      Conscious for people from diverse backgrounds and experiences

The writers must take care of the portion of readers which is belonged to diverse backgrounds, and has different experience ratio

5.      Use of communication technologies

If the written message is accompanied by communication technologies, the readers can understand message easily

6.      Use  of communication mode and medium according to situation

The writers need to be aware of the atmosphere, where communication is to be made, and work keeping principles of relevance and significance in mind

7.      Communicate ethically

One should take utmost care to communicate keeping ethic principles in  mind, without criticizing different ethnic groups, without breaking ethic rules

5.     Strategies to improve writing skills for better communication

Here, the writer explains with reference to the cited material, strategies to improve writing skills for better communication:

To improve planning skills
To improve writing skills
To improve completing skills
To improve style of writing
To write faxes
To write email
Write letters
Document writing
Persuasive writing
Analytical writing
Informational report writing
Writing proposals

6.     Strategies to improve planning skills for writing

Sharma(2002) considers following steps in planning for writing:

a. Specify time

Make clear when to complete writing and where to deliver

b. Think about main idea

The purpose of writing must be clear so that mind may work accordingly

c. Gather relevant information

Think about sources by which data needs to be gathered

d. Arrange logically

Relevant information must be set logically, by significance, date, type etc

e. Select right tone

Theme and drift of the writing must be according to the needs of the data

While planning to write, one needs to consider situation analysis, gather information, select medium and organize information.

f. Situational analysis

Situational analysis needs following analysis:

1.      Defining purpose

The cause of writing should be clear to the writer and he must make it clear to the reader as well.

2.      Profiling audience

The audience, for whom writing is conducted, must be obvious. The writer must clearly indicate for whom, the written material actually is.

g. Gathering information

Gathering information needs following considerations:

1.      Audience needs

2.      Information necessary for those needs

h. Selecting medium

Selecting medium needs considering best and appropriate medium

i. Organizing information

Organizing information needs considering following:

a.       Defining main idea

Information must explain the main idea of the writing

b.      Defining limit and scope

Information must define limit and scope of the writing

c.       Clarifying approach

Information must clarify the approach or method which will be used for writing

d.      Outlining content

While planning, outlining the content makes the steps to be taken clear for writer

7.     Strategies to improve writing skills for better communication

While writing, one needs following considerations for better communication:

1. Researching data

Finding data which will be written

2. Organizing data

Organizing data in a sequence in the form of:

a.       List

b.      Outline

3. Organize ideas into patterns

After listing and outlining the data, organize it into patterns

4. Adaptive to audience

Make writing adaptive to audience by keeping the following guidelines:

a.       Needs of audience

What the readers need to read, keep in mind

b.      Simple language

Language must be simple, so that the readers may not feel any difficulty in understanding it.

5. Composing

For composing or writing by hand, one must take care of the following needs:

1.      strong words

Word selection must be done keeping their meaning in mind

2.      effective sentences

Sentences must be written effectively. Effective sentences are characterized by simplification and preciseness

a.       short sentences

Long sentences make meaning ambiguous, so short sentences should be used

b.      emphasize important ideas

Each sentence must emphasize important ideas, and meaningless sentences must be deleted

c.       use active /passive voice effectively

Use active and passive voice keeping needs of the sentence

d.      eliminate transitional modifiers

Transitional modifiers must be eliminated, as their overuse can be hurdle in quick communication

3.      meaningful paragraphs containing the following features must be included in writing:

a.       develop one idea, each paragraph containing one idea

b.      build coherence, paragraphs having sequence

c.       limit length, comprehensive , not lengthy paragraphs

6. Organization and logical flow

Logical flow of information makes readers known of what is written, so there must be logical flow

7. Accessibility and scope

Written material must be easy to understand and clarify its boundaries

8. Completeness

Written material must be complete in its nature, conveying all possible necessary information.

9. Clarity

Words and sentences must convey clear meaning to the reader

10. Motivate, excite the reader at the beginning

Good communication by the writers worked in the beginning of writing makes readers excited to read further, so at the beginning of writing, motivating information must be provided

11. Do not refer to ideas until after they have been introduced

First introduce the data cited and then refer it to. make readers prepared to read about the referred material

12. Use sections and subsections to organize

The information should be divided into sections and sub sections to convey the meaning easily and completely.

13. Try to give each paragraph one main point

Each paragraph must provide information on one of the main points.

8.     Strategies to improve completing skills for better communication

Here are the strategies necessary to improve completing skills for better communication:

1.  Revise

To revise composed writing, following guidelines should be cared:

a.       evaluate content

The content should be evaluated if it conveys necessary information or misses something

b.      readability of content

Check whether the content is readable or needs some clarification

c.       concise content

Content should be concise and useless content should be removed

d.      Clear language

Language of the writing should be clear

e.       directness

Check whether exact information is provided or some more information is needed

f.       highlight important ideas

Important ideas must not be missed, check it

g.      keep it short and simple(kiss)

Simple and short information is more important than useless long paragraphs.

2. Produce message

1.      effective design of the written message includes following elements, which must be tried to accomplished:

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a.       consistency

b.      balance

c.       restraint

d.      detail

2.      layout of the message must never be complicated, yet it should be

a.       clear

b.      professional

3. Proofread

For proofreading, check out errors in

1.      layout

a.       use conventional formats for letters, memorandums, reports, and proposals

b.      compose clear charts and tables that conform to standard technical conventions

c.       properly reference tables and figures

d.      properly cite references and format bibliographic entries

e.       demonstrate proper layout of a title page and a table of contents(David adams, 2010)

2.      spelling, by yourself, requesting peers or by using software to spell check

3.      mechanics, the structure of writing in the following parts:

a.       Introduction – motivation, background, purpose

b.      Background – summary of what is already known that is related, important

c.       Main ideas – the material central to the message

d.      Supporting evidence/documentation –Simulations, examples

e.       Conclusion/Discussion – restate purpose, recap and summarize the message, highlight the key points, mention possible topics/ideas for future

4. Distribute message

a. Ensure successful distribution of the message in the written material

b. Check out the language to be bias free

General strategies

Here, the writer discusses general strategies to improve writing for better communication

Boric (2009) and Davidian(2005)  point out the following strategies to be used;

1.      Get knowledge of strategies to improve writing skills for better communication by reading books, articles, internet search etc

2.      Marie Davidian (2005) describes that the purposes of writing may be one the following

To inform the reader about some concept
Convince the reader for some concept or theory
Entertain the reader with providing new information

3.

4.      Ask yourself questions about the written work and answer those question

a.       Before writing

b.      After writing

5.      First brainstorm about the topic and write whatever comes in mind

6.       Organize information which was written while brainstorming

7.      Write with sequence , as scattered information can not communicate

8.      Use “big, middle, little” revision procedure, first, big revision needs should be fulfilled, then middle ones and if time remains, little revision needs should be fulfilled.

9.      Reader friendly writing makes communication easy and effective, so the readers must be kept in mind while writing

10.  First check spelling, as it can make writing poor

11.  then proofread accordingly

12.  Do not worry about all the details at first; you can fill in the holes later. Get the main ideas down in whatever form comes to mind.

13.  No good writer produces a perfect first draft.  Once you have rough draft, review it carefully and refine it

14.  Reorganize to improve logical flow

15.  Consider each paragraph and sentence for clarity;

16.  revise to make each sentence say exactly what you mean

17.  Ask others for honest comments and follow those comments as much possible

18.  Check out citing the relevant literature and material

19.  Try to check and fill gaps in your logic

20.  Evidences provided should be convincing

21.  Check out correctness of Grammar, Style, Spelling and punctuation

22.  Use appendices  present proofs, arguments, additional explanation, relating them back to the papers/chapters and making it clear where they fit in Journal Articles

9.     Strategies to improve writing style

Matthew R. Kuhn(n.d) illustrates  the following strategies to improve writing style for better communication:

Audience analysis

To analyze audience, one should have following information;

present technical information and analysis to a non–technical reader
recognize terms and concepts that require definition or explanation to a less– technical reader
adopt a proper level of detail to suit the reader
analyze client needs in preparing a consulting report and a solicited engineering proposal

Organization

Organize writing material into each of five categories: introduction, background, methods, results, and conclusions, discussion, and/or recommendations

• Introductions

a.       Answer the question, why? By clearly describing the purpose of the work

b.      Answer the question who? by clearly describing the writer’s relation to the work

c.       Answer the question which? By providing outline of the content of the writing

d.      Answer the question how? By identifying and clearly describing the scope of a project

• Background information

a.       identify and present background information that clarifies the remainder of the writing

b.       identify and present the broader context of immediate technical issues

• Methods

a.       Clearly describe which method is used in the text

b.      explain why the methods were chosen for the text

c.       present methods with an appropriate level of generality or detail for the intended readers

d.      present methodologies in a manner that clarifies and provides a context for the results

• Results

1.      present results with clarity

2.      use tables and figures to effectively present results

3.      present numerical results with an appropriate number of digits

4.      distinguish between results and conclusions

Conclusions, discussion, and/or recommendations (CDR’s)

1.      clearly present CDR’s

2.      write CDR’s that are supported by the writer’s methods and results

3.      avoid speculation

4.      present CDR’s that stay within the scope of a project Style

5.      when appropriate, can write in a direct and concise style by

6.       avoiding excessive use of the passive voice

7.      focusing on the real subject and verb

8.       avoiding excessively ornate language

9.      avoiding unnecessary qualifiers

10.  when appropriate, can write clearly and precisely by

11.   avoiding vague and omnibus words

12.  avoiding vague pronoun references

13.  defining abbreviations

14.  avoiding verbs as modifiers

15.  avoiding jargon and clichés

16.   avoid long, garbled sentences

17.   consistently write proper sentences

18.  recognize commonly misused words

19.   demonstrate proper punctuation

20.  demonstrate proper parallel constructions

21.  demonstrate consistent subject–verb agreement

22.   recognize and consistently use a proper verb tense

23.  Keep related work together

24.  Use lists to clarify concepts

10.                       Strategies to improve different writings

Writing may be for different purposes, each writing needs different strategies to make writing communicable.

10.1.     Strategies to write faxes

1.      When preparing a fax remember the 6 W’s: who, what, when, where, why, how.

2.      Faxes should be short, and include the basic information of your message.

3.      Always use a cover page. The cover page should contain your name, title, organization, phone number, fax number, and email address. It should have the same information for the recipient of the fax. Tony Rosenbaum(2005)

10.2.     Strategies to write letter

Following strategies should be considered while writing letter for better communication:

1.      Courtesy and consideration

2.      Directness

3.      Conciseness

4.      Clarity and precision

5.      Pattern: opening, body and closing

6.      Apply three step process, i.e pre writing, writing and revising(Guffey,2003)

a.       Pre writing

1.      Analysis  of purpose for writing, characteristics of audience, and the medium to be used for writing

2.       Anticipating the audience, her questions about the work, answers put in the work, this all should be anticipated

3.       Adaptation includes the exact needed words and tone, visualizing the readers benefits, using courteous language and choosing precise words.

b.      Writing

1.      Research data necessary for writing using different sources

2.      Organize data according to the requirements of the writing by listing and outlining it

3.       Start composing after organizing data and selecting pattern to write, get your thought written down the paper, as they come in mind, as it is the first draft

c.       Revising

1.      Revision, to improve the content and sentence structure in the text, and remove unnecessary detail, making text readable

2.       proofread, to check spelling, grammar, punctuation, names and numbers and format of the text

3.       Evaluation, to check whether the draft is achieving the purpose of writing. It can be done by yourself, peers and experts as per requirement of the text

Rosenbaum(2005) considers that  you should  avoid some common pitfalls when you have to write a letter, press release, budget report, or set of instructions for your employees.

Here are some basics that will help you in whatever writing task you have.

a.       Keep writing simple

b.      Keep writing positive

c.       Keep writing accurate

d.      Talk the reader’s language. This principle relates to one of the key elements in the communication process, knowing your audience. Streamline your style.

e.       Avoid wordiness. Often, you can shorten wordy phrases and keep writing simple. It is not difficult.

f.       After you write a letter, memo, or instructions for a procedure, look critically at unnecessary words and phrases. When one or two words can substitute for five or six, do it. For example:

g.      Avoid the jargon that is second nature to you in your job, but which is a foreign language to others. If you need to use technical language, explain it to your reader. You can keep writing positive by avoiding negative words and phrases. Look at these examples:

Negative:

We can’t issue the permit until you complete the application.

Drivers won’t be able to use Main Street during the paving project.

Positive:

We can issue the permit when you complete the application

h.      Good grammar, correct spelling, and punctuation reflect a careful writer and one who respects the audience or reader.

i.        Whether you are a good speller or have forgotten more grammar than you remember, ask someone to proofread your letters, notices, and instructions.

j.        Ask a secretary, spouse, trusted coworker, or your own grade school student at home. Even the best writers have editors who check their work.

k.      Make sure that you include the date in your letter. It will help you remember to follow up if you do not receive a response when you expect it.

l.         Include the date on all correspondence, even your file notes, memos, schedules, and other writing. It can defend you if your records ever become subject to public scrutiny.

m.    If you do not know who to address a complaint or inquiry to, avoid using “Dear Sir” or “Dear Madam.” The best approach is to call and find out the name of someone to address your letter to. When all else fails, a salutation such as, Dear Customer Service Representative or Dear General Motors, can work.

n.      To end your letter, use either “Sincerely yours,” for a more formal letter or “Sincerely,” for less formality. “Very truly yours” is less common now and a bit old-fashioned, but is acceptable.

o.      Use short words (fewer than 3 syllables)

p.       Use short sentences (fewer than 15 words)

q.       Use short paragraphs (fewer than 5 lines)

r.         Be direct and positive

s.        Use a dictionary to verify spelling

t.         Use spell-check on the computer

u.      Ask someone to proofread your writing

v.      Mark your own common spelling errors in your dictionary

w.    End with “thanks” Tony Rosenbaum(2005)

10.3.     Strategies to write email

Following strategies should be followed while writing emails, so that better communication may be possible:

1.      Subject line:

a.       It should summarize central idea

b.      You should use style and abbreviations

2.      Opening:

a.       State purpose in simple professional language

b.      Provide direct information without talking of surroundings

3.      Body:

a.       Provide detailed explanation of the writing purpose

b.      Keep the principle of readability, by using graphics if possible

c.       Graphic highlighting can enhance meaning and attraction of the written message

4.      Closing;

a.       Request action to be taken by the receiver

b.      Closing thought, including thanks and request for reply, or confirmation etc

c.       Fresh remarks, address the receiver with fresh remarks which make reader active to respond

Other strategies to write better email:

a.       Avoid using all CAPITAL LETTERS. First, it is difficult to read emails written in all caps. Second, it is considered the equivalent of shouting.

b.      Avoid overusing “urgent.” When faxes first became a popular means of communicating, most of us used a fax to send urgent information. Email started that way, and “urgent” has now become too commonplace to take seriously.

c.       Always include the applicable portions of the original email when using the Reply function. Many people get lots of email. When they receive a reply like, “That’s fine with me,” and no reference is made to the original email, they may not know what you are agreeing with.

d.      Watch for too many replies in a series of emails. Sometimes a string of messages becomes too long. Even the original topic changes!

e.       Spell-check and proof-read your emails before sending them.

f.       Always fill in the Subject line. It is frustrating to receive emails with blank Subject lines. Your Subject line can also encourage readers to open your email sooner rather than later.

g.      if your subject is about  more than one topic, use separate paragraphs for each.

h.      Try to make your text precise, as short but important text conveys message efficiently.

10.4.     Strategies to design better document

Following strategies can make document written for better communication:

1.      Analyze audience who will read the document

2.      Choose appropriate size of the document according to requirements

3.      Consistent font type, as required

4.      Justify, if asked, as in business letter, writing is not justified

5.      Write separate paragraphs for each ideas to make ideas clear

6.      Make headlines readable

7.      Attractive page layout

8.      Help with illustrations and graphs

9.      Use simple and clear language

10.  Develop expertise in writing by exercising

10.5.     Strategies for persuasive writing

Following strategies can make writing persuasive and logical:

1.      Consider audience problems and describe them

2.      Prepare audience first

3.      Use strategy supporting your credibility

4.      Present both sides of arguments in text

5.      Make clear recommendations

6.      Place strongest points in text

7.      Provide information with reasoning

10.6.     Strategies for analytical writing

The following strategies should be used to make text able for communication

1.      Introduction

a.       Writing purpose of analysis

b.      Organization of elements

c.       Provide ecommendations for audience

2.      Findings

a.       Evaluate pros and cons and write down

b.      Develop criteria to select from alternatives and put on paper

c.       Support criteria with evidence and write the text accordingly

d.      Consider logic and readability in the text

Organize by:

1.      Time

2.      Component

3.      Importance

4.      Criteria

5.      Convention

3.      Conclusions/Recommendations

a.       Answer research questions in conclusions

b.      Explain needed action in recommendations

c.       Use simple and exact words for clarity

10.7.     Strategies for informational reports

1.      Introduction

a.       Begin writing directly

b.      Provide preview of the topic to make it clear

c.       Discuss selective background data

d.      Divide topic into sections and sub sections

2.      Body

a.       Arrange subtopics logically to make concepts clear

b.      Headings conveying clear concepts

c.       Determine degree of formality, and write accordingly

d.      Enhance readability by using words according to the caliber of the reader

3.      Conclusion/summary

a.       Briefly review main points of the text in summary

b.      Put concluding thoughts using analysis and creative thinking

10.8.     Strategies for writing proposals

1.      Introduction

a.       Describe purpose of the proposal, answering the question,why?

b.      Explain key issue in simple persuasive language

2.      Background/ problem

a.       Discuss significance of the problem with evidence

b.      Introduce problem by stating research problems or research questions

3.      Proposal plan

a.       Explain plan about conducting the complete procedure

b.      Plan management and evaluation procedures

c.       Timetable outline

4.      Staffing

a.       Key personnel

b.      Supporting personnel, equipment, resources

5.      Budget

a.       Explain project cost

b.      Include deadlines for the steps

6.      Authorization

Ask for approval, if business proposal

11.                       Conclusion

We can conclude that the strategies referred in the assignment can better be used to make written communication better.

1.      Philip E. Boric (2009) 50 one minute tips for better communication: speak, write and present more effectively: 3rd edition,  USA , AXZO Press2.      Tony Rosenbaum(2005) Effective communication skills for Highway and public works officials :New York, Cornell Local Roads Program3.       David Adams (2001) writing better reports: a handbook for civil and environmental engineers:  Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University.4.      Courtland L Bovee& John V Thill (2005), Business Communication Today: 8th Edition: India, New Delhi, Dorling Kindersely Publishing Inc.Pearson Education5.      Mary Ellen Guffey( 2003), Business Communication: Process and Product: 4th Edition:USA, Thomson Learning, South Western. ISBN No: 0-324-11452-46.      Trudy wallace, w.e. Stariba, H.JWalberg :  International bureau of education (2004)  educational practices series 14: retrieved at: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/EducationalPracticesSeriesPdf/PRATICE_14.pdf7.      Marie Davidian( 2005) Written Communication: Conveying Scientific Information Effectively. NC State University. Retrieved at http://www4.stat.ncsu.edu/~davidian/st810a/written_handout.pdf8.      Frank L. Visco( )  Good Writing Techniques , Stanford  university,  retrieved at:http://www-kzsu.stanford.edu/~dougm/Humor/95/December/GoodWriting.htmlMatthew R. Kuhn(n.d) Writing Communication: Assessing Both Students and Programs: University of Portland
Article Source

Good writing is characterized by planning, writing, revising and editing as suggested in revision. Connolley (1994) states that generally five step procedure is adopted for good or efficient writing, which are:

a.       Planning for writing

b.      Writing according to planning

c.       Cool down, or stop writing when feel every thing is mentioned

d.      Revising , as thoughts come in mind during cool step

e.       Editing accordingly

However, Connolley(1994) considers three steps compulsory. Thill & Bovee(2005 and Guffey(2003))also believe in three steps of writing. So, we can state that good writing is incomplete without three components, i.e

1.      Planning/pre writing

2.      Writing

3.      Revising/completing

Concept of academic writing

Academic writing is characterized by logic, sequence and evidence. The emphasis in academic writing is on facts and interpretation of the facts. The facts and figures, logics, evidences are presented in a logical way using an academic writing style. Academic writing is also incomplete without these three components;

1.       Planning/pre writing, for logic, sequence and evidence.

2.      Writing with logic, sequence and evidence.

3.      Revising/completing the logic, sequence and evidence.

Academic writing includes essay writing, assignment writing, paper writing,  article writing for academic purpose.

How to become a good writer, tips for academic writing

Good academic writing needs expertise and time for writing.  Here are some tips for becoming a good writer, especially for academic writing. These tips are derived after intensive study of the referred material and divided into three sections, i.e. planning, writing and revising.

1.     Planning

While planning for academic writing, according to Connolley(1994)the following steps should be followed:

Develop ideas through pre writing
Limit your topic
Plan your approach
Consider your audience
Gather evidence
Develop statement
Organize ideas
General tips
1.1.          Develop ideas through pre writing

a.       Start  thinking alone about the topic

b.      List ideas about the topic on a plain page

c.       Make diagrams which come in mind about sequence of thoughts

d.      Read about the topic in books, journals, internet

e.       Take notes of whatever you read

f.       Talk to others about the topic and get their comments with full concentration

g.      Ask questions about the topic

a.       From peers

b.      From teachers

c.       From experts available

h.      Start free writing( whatever comes in mind, just write down)

i.        Cluster the ideas coming in mind while thinking

j.        Give headings and sub headings

1.2.          Limit your topic

2.      Give clear cut boundaries to your topic

3.      Topic must  answer what you are going to write

4.      Topic must clarify how you are going to write, the method of writing should be clear

5.      Area of study must clearly be mentioned

6.      Outline what to discuss

1.3.          Plan your approach

2.      Clearly finalize which approach you are going to use

3.      Clarify  which pattern is useful for which topic

d.      From peers

e.       From teachers

f.       From experts

g.      Use your own thinking

2.      Generally, approach used for writing is one of the following:

a.       Description

b.      Narration

c.       Exposition

d.      argumentation

1.4.          Consider your audience

2.      For whom you are writing

e.       Assignment to teacher

f.       Paper in journal

g.      Presentation in class

h.      Research thesis

3.       Consider Level of understanding of audience

4.      Anticipate the responses of the audience

5.      Put answers to those questions which may rise in audience minds

6.      Make writing appealing to audience

1.5.          Gather evidence

2.      Show as well as tell

3.      Decide the use  of factual support by:

i.        Charts

j.        Diagrams

k.      Pictures

l.        Illustrations

m.    Lists

4.      Refer  to  recommendations by experts

5.      Expert opinion backed up by facts

6.      Decide what quotations to use

7.      use quotations with care (Too many quotations seems like padding. Too few may give the impression you have done no reading on the subject.)

8.      Verify validity of resources to use

9.      include enough evidence or verification to convince someone who disagrees with you

10.  chose  your evidence or proof carefully and explain how it proves your point

1.6. Develop statement

1.      Prepare clear definition of the terms

2.      Decide on the structure of the statement

3.      Determine audience level of understanding and interest

4.      Establish tone of essay, paper, assignment

5.      Topic maintaining focus of the study

1.7. Organize ideas

1.      Organize ideas according to the tone of the essay, paper, and assignment.

Chronological arrangement of ides
Spatial arrangement of ideas
Deductive arrangement of ideas
Inductive arrangement of ideas
Arrange ideas by degree of importance

1.      Create a rough outline, although you can change a little, when you feel

2.      Make list of possible topics

3.      Prepare to Put most appealing logic in the beginning

1.8.          General tips

2.      Write as often as you can, so that each new idea is written

3.      Use your creativity, and do not hesitate new ideas presentation

4.      Read related material with writers eye

5.      Decide which powerful logic to present in the end

6.      Drop irrelevant ideas

7.      Think how to grab readers attention

8.      Classify the process into as steps as feasible

2.     Writing

2.1. Writing first draft

1.      Start writing about the topic

2.      Go on writing, whatever comes in mind

3.      Here is no need to check spelling or grammar structure

4.      Circle words you want to verify

5.      Add new ideas without shame

6.      You can follow these steps:

1.1.1.      defining the main topic

1.1.2.      dividing main topic into major components

1.1.3.      break components into  sub components

1.1.4.      make each component exclusive

1.1.5.      use details, illustrations , charts, diagrams to explain structure of outline better

2.2. Making outline

1. If the topic is about a procedure, outline it by writing:

a.       step 1

b.      step 2

c.       step3

d.      step 4

e.       step 5

2. If the topic is about just information gathered, outline it as:

a.       introduction

b.      facts

c.       summary

4.      if the topic is about analytical report , it can be outlined as:

a.       introduction

b.      facts and findings

c.       analysis and discussion

d.      conclusion

e.       recommendations

5.      if the topic is about comparing some concepts or objects ,or ideas etc, it can be outlined as:

a.       introduction  of both concepts or objects ,or ideas

b.      features of both concepts or objects ,or ideas

c.       comparison of both concepts or objects ,or ideas

1.      feature 1

2.      feature 2

3.      feature 3

4.      feature 4

5.      feature 5

d.      findings

e.       conclusions

f.       recommendations

6.      If the topic is about a proposal, it can be outlined as:

1.introduction

a.       statement of the problem,

b.       review of related literature,

c.       and statement of hypothesis

2.      method

a.       subjects,

b.       instruments,

c.       C.  design,

d.      procedure

3. Data analysis,

4. Time schedule and

5. Budget

2.3. Putting data at right place

1. If writing by hand, get scissor and tape to fix data where needed

2. If writing on computer, save all data at a separate file and use cut and paste strategy

3. In both cases, reference should be with all data

4. Data must include introduction, body and conclusion

2.4. Sentence grammar

1.      Recognize basic sentence patterns

2.      Recognize subjects and predicates

3.      Review eight parts of speech

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a.       Verb

b.      Noun

c.       Pronoun

d.      Adjectives

e.       Adverbs

f.       Conjunctions

g.      Prepositions

h.      Interjections

4.      Recognize how words act as different parts of speech

5.      Identify phrases and clauses

6.      Review types of phrases and clauses

7.      Identify kinds of sentences

8.      Recognize difference between phrases and clauses

2.5. Sentence logic

1.      Delete irrelevant details

2.      Emphasize important ideas

3.      Establish cause and effect relationships

4.      Limit generalizations

5.      Define words using concrete terms

6.      Make sentence ideas related to main statement

7.      Give important ideas more emphasis

8.      Make sentences easy, if found tough to understand in one reading

2.6. Structure

1. Outline the paragraphs before writing

2.  Make sure your thoughts flow logically from one to the next rather than giving the impression of free association.

2.      Make sure each paragraph starts with a thesis statement, or a topic sentence, that lets the reader know what the topic for that paragraph will be.

3.      End with a conclusion that acts as the reverse of the introduction.

4.      sum up the point of the paper in conclusion

5.       make comments, or make suggestions at the end

2.7. Coordination, subordination and parallelism

1.      Use coordination to join ideas of equal importance

2.      Use subordination to describe unequal ideas

3.      Use parallelism to create balanced sentences

4.      Ensure  items match, must be same part of speech and follow the same form

5.      Make Pairs and lists of ideas similar

6.      State main ideas in main paragraphs and main sentences

7.      Include sentences in the existing sentences, if they convey very little information

2.8. Emphasis and variety

1.      Create emphasis by including sentences and words that dramatize the important ideas

2.      Avoid dull repetition of same pattern of sentences

3.      Avoid weak endings

4.      First and last paragraphs should be emphasizing and dramatizing

5.      Use active voice

6.      Vary sentence length

7.      Vary sentence type

8.      Vary vocabulary, but not too difficult to understand

9.      Include rhetorical questions

10.  Avoid changing your own point of view in the writing

11.  Emphasize with repetition

12.  Use free modifiers and absolutes to create variety

2.9. Tone and diction

1.      Choose words carefully

a.       Use slang carefully as they can weaken the tone

b.      Use dialect with respect

c.       Use jargon scarcely for non technical audience

d.      Avoid old fashioned and foreign terms

2.      Use correct idioms to avoid confusion

3.      Understand connotations and denotations and if necessary, explain

4.      Avoid sexist labels

5.      Use gender free job titles

6.      Be careful for words used for ethnic groups and disabled

2.10. Creating images

1.      Use concrete nouns and verbs creating clear images

2.      Use similes and metaphors to explain

3.      Avoid writing cliché

4.      Use facts and figures in clear language to create their image

2.11. Making every word count

1.      Include all necessary words

2.      Avoid wordiness

3.      Avoid longer sentences

4.      Avoid using fillers and waiting words

5.      Use simple vocabulary

6.      Cut repetition words

7.      Use “that” only to prevent confusion

8.      Replace long constructions with single words

9.      Remove words in the sentences which do not spoil the integrity of the thought

2.12. Avoiding bias

1.      Avoid sex representation in text

2.      Avoid assumptions about ethnic group

3.      Avoid bias against elderly, disabled, and ethnic group

4.      Use current dictionary to find  bias free words

5.      Use internationally accepted terms

2.13. Avoiding confusing shifts

1.      maintain consistent verb tenses

2.      maintain  consistent mood in writing

3.      maintain active voice consistently

4.      avoid shifting from your own point of view

5.      avoid excessive emotionalism

6.      maintain consistent noun and pronoun use

2.14. General tips for writing

1. Use straightforward language
2. Take care with grammar and sentence construction.

3. Avoid using a note-style of writing.

4. Try not to use pompous language.
For example: use “find out” rather than “endeavour to ascertain”. Try not to use jargon or clichés

5. Provide definitions, unless you can reasonably expect your reader to know them.

6. Use impersonal language
7. Use precise words and sentences
8. Write only to the point

9. Try not to make generalizations.

10. Use cautious language.

11. Use appropriate verb tenses. Reports often use the present tense in the introduction and the past tense when discussing findings.

12. Be careful when using acronyms.
13.  Ensure you are linking points together

14.  Do not address the reader directly or use questions

15. Be careful not to use redundant phrases.

16. Do not start sentences with linking words.

17. Avoid using contractions.

18. Avoid making negative statements.

19. Avoid making sentences overlong and complicated.

3. Revising

Revising includes the following steps, which are described in detail one by one:

revising
editing
proof reading
final copy
review graded draft
final revision
3.1.          Revising

1.      Review work keeping goals of work in mind

2.      Follow instructions of instructor

3.      Review work keeping institute’s guidelines in mind

4.      Ensure clear language

5.      Support your views by providing facts and details

6.      Find out whether work is clearly organized

7.      Find out irrelevant details to be deleted

8.      Find out necessary points to be added

9.      Find out confusing ideas to be clarified

10.  Check out whether precise language is used

11.  Check whether Adopted tone of work is according to the level of audience

12.  Check whether introduction is dramatic and attractive, if not revise it

13.  Check out whether body of the work is having sequence, logic and evidence, if any of these is missing, ensure it by revising

14.  Check whether conclusion has a logic, if not, revise it

15.  Ask others to read aloud and listen to your work

16.  Show your work  to others without explaining what you have done and why

17.  Let others talk about your work and you take notes of what they say

18.  Ask them for possible improvement ideas

19.  Review their ideas and work accordingly, without thinking that all recommendations will be adopted, use your own thinking at this time as well

20.  After working on their suggestions, if there is time, ask them again  to have a look at your work

3.2.          Editing

1.      Check out accuracy of names, dates quotes

2.      Check out logical statement of facts and statistics

3.       Clear  transition statements

4.      Put extra details recognized in revision step

5.      Delete irrelevant and useless details recognized in revision step

6.      Check out monotonous sentences

7.      Check out for same forms in nouns and verbs

8.      Check out observance of capitalization rules

9.      Ensure that subjects and verbs agree I n sentences

10.  Check out quotation marks used where necessary

11.  Check out the sequence of work in three tier way, introduction, body and conclusion

12.  Check out the sequence of paragraphs

3.3.          Proofreading

1.      Check out each line of your work for:

a.       Some thing missing

b.      Some thing extra

c.       Some thing difficult

d.      Some thing false

2.      Check out if there is any mechanical error

3.      Do not leave a single line for accuracy, including title page

4.      Read your work aloud, hearing mistakes is easy than to see

5.      Double check numbers, statistics, names, quotations etc for accuracy

6.      Proof read by some one else

7.      Take a break and then proof read

8.      Proofread content by checking:

a.       Well flow of paper

b.      clear big picture

c.       order of the sections making sense

9.      proofread clarity and conciseness by checking:

a.       clear sense of sentences

b.      elimination of unneeded sentences

10.  proofread for spelling and grammar by checking:

a.       accurate use of words, verbs, subjects etc

b.      accurate punctuation

11.   proofread citation correctness by checking:

a.       Correct citation of all sources

b.      Correct format of reference list

c.       Any thing cited, but not referred

d.      Any thing referred , but not cited in text

3.4.          Final copy

1.      prepare final copy Keeping proof reading guidelines in mind

2.      prepare final copy according to the format suggested by your institute

3.5.          Review graded draft

1.      check out graded copy line by line, each page

2.      revise draft accordingly

3.      eliminate mistakes pointed out

3.6.  Final revision

1.      revise once again after correcting mistakes

2.      compile accordingly

a.       put needed information

b.      delete extra information

3.7.  General tips for revision
Replace light verbs with more specific terms. Replace “be” with exist, occur, equal, consist of, comprise (of), typify, appear, seem, tend…and replace “have” with possess, contain, exhibit, with…etc
Replace common terms with more precise and formal terms. Substitute “lots of” with                                                 many, numerous, large number/amount/, plenty (of) and “I, we” with  the researcher, the writer, the author etc
Eliminate second person (you, your, and imperative verbs) by substituting third person forms.
Eliminate awkward or unnecessary there expressions.
Tone of Paraphrases should be same as the rest of your work
Eliminate oversimplifications and contradictions
Check out page references
Revise your paper several times for ideas, organization, unity, coherence, grammar mistakes, sentence structure, mechanics, and spelling.
Use a greater variety of transitional words.
Avoid frequent use or overuse of topic shift transitional devices.
Check for problems with count nouns vs. non-count (mass) nous.
Check for awkward and incorrectly used passive verbs.
Avoid mere summary when reviewing literature
Provide simple and easy organization of the essay, assignment, paper
Use each paragraph with a purpose. For instance,

Do’s and Don’ts for becoming a good writer

1st Paragraph:  State your thesis, briefly listing the main points you’ll make.

2nd Paragraph: Explain your first point and then offer evidence.  Explain how your evidence proves or explains the first point.

3rd Paragraph:  explain your second point and offer evidence. Explain how your evidence proves or explains the second point. Continue pattern for other paragraphs

Last Paragraph Conclude quickly, briefly restating the points you’ve made.
Each paragraph should be clearly “linked” back to the thesis. This link to the thesis should be made clear to your reader.
You may have an introductory paragraph before the thesis, and one point may require more than one paragraph.
persuade your reader to accept your ideas/interpretations/reactions on the basis of the evidence you offer and how logically you
explain that evidence. It’s the type of writing that’s sometimes called “argumentative.” Use linking words to help structure your work, examples of these are ‘therefore’, ‘consequently’, ‘furthermore’ and ‘however’.
Pay attention to spelling, you do get marked on this. Try and use a dictionary rather than relying on your computer’s spell check, they are much more reliable.
Use thesaurus to avoid repeating the same words throughout your work; as a thesaurus offers a list of alternative words.
Always reference your work, not just the quotations but the ideas as well.
Make sure to use the correct referencing system for your course. If in doubt, refer to your course or module handbook.
Spend enough time to make the corrections that you need.
Avoid using exclamation points, contractions (such as “can’t”), emoticons (smiley faces), or acronyms with which the reader may not be familiar.
refer and cite scholarly sources for the text correctly.
find scholarly sources for professional or academic writing. the most effective search engine for scholarly sources is the through a university library’s website.
Prefer The Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA), ERIC, and Web of Science database resources provided by an academic library.
Librarians are available in person, on the phone, and online to ask questions about finding and citing sources.
The following is a quick checklist to determine whether an article or book is scholarly. A source is most likely scholarly if it meets the following criteria:
Academic writing is careful to include doubts and limitations. Carefully chosen examples of ideas that disagree with what you are saying, or expressions of why you are not telling the whole truth, are part and parcel of academic evidence. Phrases like “for the purposes of this essay, the limited definition of … will be used” and “the examples used in this short essay are limited to…” also make an academic point.
Don’t give orders – don’t write in the imperative mood – unless you are training to be a teacher.
If you must refer to yourself, third person formulae such as “The present writer would recommend that…” may be useful.
Use the full forms of words and phrases, not contractions like “he’s”, “don’t”, etc. Keep the apostrophe to indicate possession – and use it correctly.
Use as few words as you can; but use enough words to express your meaning as fully as you can.
Avoid lazy words such as ‘nice’. It is usually better to say “acquire” or “obtain” than “get”; and it may be better, if you mean ‘through the use of money’, to say “purchase” or – better still – “buy”.
A short word like “buy” is better than a long one like “purchase” – unless the long one is more accurate.
Write in complete sentences, with no grammatical errors.
You will often sound more academic if you include doubts in your work – and qualifications. “Within the scope of this essay, the current writer cannot hope to cover all the possible implications of the question.”
Avoid the use of humour in academic writing – unless you are very sure of yourself. .
Paragraphs in academic English should contain more than one sentence. The average academic book runs to two or three paragraphs per page.
Use the word that more in formal writing than most of us do in speech.
When you use abbreviations, other than the conventional ones like “e.g.”, “et al.” etc., write out the formal title in full the first time you use it; and put the abbreviation in brackets after it, for example “Islamia University,Bahawalpur(IUB)
Give yourself enough time to research, plan, write, revise, and rewrite.
Decide on a specific research question or argument. Find a question or an argument that you can investigate and find evidence to prove or explain in your paper. Also, it will help you write a well focused thesis statement.
Research the topic and find valid dependable resources to use in your paper, it will enable you to use different search engines until you find the information you need to develop your ideas.
Make sure you take notes and bibliographic information of the resources you chose to use in your paper. Write your notes using your own words. Include the name of the author, title of the work, the publication information, and the page numbers. Indicate whether the words you are using are quoted, summarized or paraphrased.
Avoid plagiarism. This means do not use other writers’ ideas as if they were your own.. There are rules for borrowing ideas that are explained by different writing styles. If you cheat by stealing other peoples’ ideas, you will put yourself at risk of being expelled or punished severely.
Make sure your paper has the three essential parts of the essay. Your paper should include
Introduction, body and conclusion.
Format your paper following the writing style your instructor demands. There are many writing styles such as MLA, APA, and others. Follow the style assigned by your institute

If the source is an article, it comes from a peer-reviewed journal.
If it is a research article, it should it should be written in the IMRaD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). These are known as empirical studies. Literature reviews (meta-analyses), theoretical articles, methodological articles, and case studies may also be considered scholarly.
The author of the source should cite specific theories and their sources.
The source should include specialized vocabulary that is intended for a scholarly audience. (Newspapers and magazines are not intended for scholarly audiences).
The source provides author name(s) and institutional affiliations.
The journal or book should be published by a professional organization or academic institution.
1.      Mark Collonney (1994), The McGraw-Hill Workbook: USA ,McGraw-Hill Inc.ISBN No: 0-07-012498-12.      2.Courtland L Bovee& John V Thill (2005), Business Communication Today: 8th Edition: India, New Delhi, Dorling Kindersely Publishing Inc.Pearson Education3.      3.Mary Ellen Guffey( 2003), Business Communication: Process and Product: 4th Edition:USA, Thomson Learning, South Western. ISBN No: 0-324-11452-44.      Glasgow calidonian university( improve your course work)5.      5.Kathy MacDonald(1982) When Writers Write, Prentice-Hall,LRC.6.      University of Worcester: http://www.worc.ac.uk/studyskills/documents/top_10_tips_AW_25.10.10.pdf7.      7.https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/k-lee7/www/kesl/writ/clearer_wc.pdf8.      8.University of Florida(2009) EDIS, The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) retrieved at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc0639.      University Center Grimsby(2010) Academic Writing style guide10.  Farideh Fatayer( ) Marquette University, Office of International Education: 11.   Natilene Bowker(2007) Academic Writing: A Guide to Tertiary Level Writing : Massey University
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Keywords are the words that people use to look for you and your competitors. Isolating the right keywords is the most important part of any Search Engine Optimisation project as it’s these that shape the entire campaign. If your company specialises in rides in hot air balloons and you target keywords such as ‘Balloons’, your intricately crafted content that so well describes the serenity of drifting silently above the Chiltern Hills under a rich, golden sunset  will be wasted on those who are searching Google for materials to make little inflated animals. Making sure that you sit down and think about the most effective wording that’s going to attract the right people to your site before you even start on your content will set you off in the right direction from the beginning.

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Use Google’s keyword analysis tool to your advantage – it’s there for your benefit and is a great way of seeing just what people are searching for when they’re looking for you. When you’ve chosen your keywords, it’s time to inject them into your content. Don’t be afraid of repetition – the more you use your keywords throughout your content the more relevant Google will deem your site. Use your keywords in headings and titles as much as you can.  Don’t be afraid of repetition. If you have pictures on your site, include the keywords and keyphrases in amongst their titles and ‘alt tags’ – this will do even more to boost your Google relevance rating. And don’t be afraid of repetition.

The biggest mistake people make is to pepper their site with carefully designed content that leads nowhere. If your balloon ride website doesn’t contain frequent uses of your phone number and contact forms, your content may as well be written on the top of your balloons. Use it to direct people towards you buy giving them a reason to fill out an enquiry form, give you a call or even buy your products or services. There’s little worse in the SEO world than a high volume of views that carry no conversion rate whatsoever.

Being able to strike a balance between adequate use of keywords and stunning content is an art and if you’re not sure that you can make the grade, don’t be afraid to involve a professional writing service. They know what works, what’s effective and what will draw people in. But just as importantly, they know how crucial it is to keep people reading; it’s all well and good having a million people click on your website, but if you don’t capture their attention with your inspiring content and persuade them to commit to your services then maybe there’s no point in even having a website at all. 

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It dwells on identifying, their publications, particular area of study, reporting the authors, used methodology to find research, and many implications; you should avoid personal comments if not necessary. Many students are in the habit of forgetting to give a conclusion detailing listed works, and they also forget to point out the areas that are not yet researched, thus, giving suggestions for project of research. Always make sure that you have to show the entire work or author’s name in a single paragraph or set of paragraphs, this provides your work the best flow and good looks.

Dissertation literature review requires one to sit down, and investigate well on the available information. Then put them in order systematically, all the relevant author’s publications listing whole relevant information. Most of the students generally find it tough to manage dissertation literature review because of its fact that require in depth research, its length, and understanding of the information, this is why, they quickly download free dissertation literature review but this is not the right way to complete your dissertation.

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Most students consider that there is no single difference between bibliography and dissertation literature review, this is wrong concept and also not fact. Bibliography contains used resources in listed form; it never shows the causes for which these sources have been utilized or it is only the reference source for the readers. Writing the bibliography is too much easier than writing a dissertation literature review. Students must not use a source that has slightest chance of giving fake information. Different type of sources can be used for the purpose of collection of the information. Like; websites, magazines and journals.

Board members may demand a genuine proof for any resources. Therefore, you don’t leave any single loophole in that relation. That’s why students must get help with dissertations from the senior students and expert supervisors because they are experienced in their faculty; they provide you with sample papers and so on. They will help you out in your entire dissertation writing process of high quality avoiding plagiarism and they can help you in citation styles, language style, and other specifications you may wish to have. These following points are useful for you as you must consider them during writing your papers.

• You have to concentrate on research questions

• Read on the topic

• You have to create an outline

Get free dissertation literature review examples from online sources to get a thorough vision.

Adallina Hall works as an academic writer and offers professional dissertation help online with FREE services of dissertation topics and dissertation samples.
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• They are not well aware of where to look for the information.

• There might be an enormous amount of published work on the area of subject, dating back years, and students find it hard to analyse that relevant material.

• Probably, they find it hard to summarise the results and ideas of various publications into a coherent single account.

Unfortunately, students can gain much of these skills only through experience and these following points will be good help with dissertations and hopefully make your writing task much easier.

When you are going to write dissertation literature review;

• You have to include all the work which is only relevant to the previous research and you should read a lot of papers, but there will be something which don’t show to the points that you are trying to create, because of the time that you spent in trying to recognise and understand them, you might be tempted to incorporate that you have already read.

• Make sure that you have understood and read the cited work; otherwise, it will be dangerous for you.

• Manage your content in correct way according to the ideas instead of individual publications, and it helps to make sure the smooth flow of contents and make your chapter more readable, it also presents your appreciation of the related subject area.

It is not important to think literature as a short summary but an entire representation of dissertation itself. You have to discuss all kinds of data and resources of information. You must to give entire concentration to the dissertation literature review in process of writing and intend to present the appropriateness in your project papers. It is the essence of the prior sources which are concerning to the topic of your task. Dissertation literature review is completely about reviewing a research, and it is a piece of academic writing that must be clear and understandable easily with have logical structure and present that one has attained a sufficient range of skills and abilities at an appropriate level.

Students must know the format of dissertation literature review; actually the whole project depends on the format. Here you can easily check few essential major steps of writing a dissertation literature review;

• Data collection

• Evaluate data

• Analysis

• Results

This is the basic information on how to create a dissertation literature review and more you can understand by getting dissertation literature review examples from different websites.

Adallina Hall works as an academic writer and offers professional dissertation help online with FREE services of dissertation topics and dissertation samples.
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Show Consideration

Firstly, it is observed that the writing is complicated and challenging job and treat it as it should be because your career is based on your good work in the academic papers. On the other hand, you must provide you with great opportunity to complete your project. You should give a top priority in your life for the duration it will take to finish it. Try to reduce if you do not cease the social activities, and minimise your participation or involvement in them until you have finished your writing dissertation project and you can get help with dissertations online.

Make a Schedule

It is observed that most of the students do not take sufficient sleep and spending adequate time to collect the research about how to write a dissertation. You have to take care of yourself because it is not the correct way to work on any paper, you should make a schedule and allot the hours in a reasonable way. Keep in mind that dissertation doesn’t become better when it is written by sleep deprived person so you have to be fresh when you start writing on your particular papers.

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Expert in your Chosen Topic

When you are going to choose topic, it must be an interesting one because you can easily write in sufficient amount on that. So you have to have expertise in your chosen title; there is no need to be worried about.

Be Well Aware of the Basics

Dissertation has their technical and particular structure such as introductory chapter, hypothetical background, research, outcomes or results.

• Introductory chapter In this part, you have to provide general idea of your complete dissertation and its reasons.

• Hypothetical background In this part, you must provide the overview of the most important research on your papers. It is also the place to define what you expect from your collected research like research hypothesis.

• Research You have to explain clearly your research methods and their significance which you will employ and how would you use them.

• Outcomes Here you have to provide tables and graphs and explain what your results and outcomes are. In this part, you have to explain that how your outcomes and results relevant with your hypothesis with others research, and talk about the ramifications of what you search.

Conclusion

In this segment, you must show a summary of your complete dissertation and make proposal for additional research which you have already done in dissertation paper. It is important point that you must understand the basic structure of your dissertation, and take into account that you have completed all research in depth, and that was actually the hardest section. Your project now is simply needs to be written on the papers as you have learnt how to write a dissertation on your own.

Adallina Hall works as an academic writer and offers professional dissertation help online with FREE services of dissertation topics and dissertation samples. For more info, visit website at http://www.dissertationshelp.co.uk/.
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In addition, dissertation literature review format is not only helpful to build structure in an evocative manner but it can also be helpful in structure their opinions and convincing point of views in an effectual way. They need to build up their formats, evidence and facts that will support their points, and students should learn that how to give previous information. So students require writing about their argument more attractively and effectively and always search to get help with dissertations writing via every possible source.

First, students must know about that dissertation literature review is written with purpose of learning what other have done in the same field, this is why they have to come nearer to explaining and defining the purpose. On the other hand, students should read first and understand the piece of literature paper regarding that what they are writing on. The first part of the format is introductory chapter where the students should give previous information regarding the literary work of which they have done in the contents of dissertation.

The next step is that they have to prepare dissertation statement that defines what students want to say in their literature review papers. Every paragraph must be written with the support of dissertation statement with original and new information. They need to be sure that he/she is following correct and proper format.

It is also providing you with how to start your own research and personal starting point not only to write it. There are many special and effective ways to find starting point that can be helpful in giving you a sense regarding your research.

You have to keep in your mind that when you are sitting in your room and hold a pen to write dissertation literature review, first you should read all the material which you have obtained, then put your whole understanding on your paper then start writing on your topic or subject. Create an outline before starting anything and collect all the information that you already have.

Thus, dissertation literature review is all about summarising and shortening of the whole information that you have collected from an obtainable research literature and after that support with your different evaluating comments. You jot down all your point of views regarding your topic. The aim of this article was to show how to write dissertation literature review in effective and easiest manner on your own. Another way to learn writing it is the use of dissertation literature review examples and you can get free dissertation literature review examples online.

Adallina Hall works as an academic writer and offers professional dissertation help online with FREE services of dissertation topics and dissertation samples. For more info, visit website at http://www.dissertationshelp.co.uk/.
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After the writer has written the topic of the essay paper the writer should prepare the outline for the essay writing. The outline should include the ideas the writer is willing to include in the essay paper. The outline includes the flow of the activities the write is going to include in the academic essay writing arranged in a systematic order. When writing the outline the writer should ensure all areas of interest are included so that the academic essay writing can be comprehensive.

The writer should then write the thesis statement. The thesis statement should be a brief explanation that explains the reasons that lead the writer to write the academic essay. The thesis statement should shine some light on the body content of academic essay writing. After writing the thesis statement the writer should write the introduction of the academic essay writing. The introduction should include the major discussion contained in the body. The writer should write the introduction in such a way that it introduces the body. The introduction should shine some light on the content of the academic essay writing. The introduction should be detailed to enable the reader understand the theme that the writer is trying to pass in the academic essay writing. After writing the introduction the writer should write the body of the academic essay writing. The body includes a detailed explanation of the every theme that the writer wants to drive. The body is a well elaborated text. When writing the body of the academic essay writing the writer should consider the following factors in order to produce a comprehensive body explanation. The writer should list all the main points.

The listing of the main points will help the write to write the academic essay writing in a systematic way. The points should be related to the title of the academic essay writing and the theme should be considered so that the writer portrays the theme clearly in the main body of the essay. After writing the major points the writer should write the sub-points of the academic essay writing. The sub-points should be the narrowing down of the major points. The reason for writing the sub-topic is to specify the area of interest and to ensure no ideas are left unattended to. The subtopic are longer than the main topic and well detailed than the major topics. The sub-topics are used to create a base of writing an elaboration. After writing the sub-topic the writer should write an elaboration of the sub-topic.

In writing the elaboration the writer should ensure that he convinces the reader about the theme of the academic essay writing. After writing the body the writer should write the conclusion. The conclusion gives a summary of the academic essay writing. When writing the academic essay writing the writer should give a personal view of the content of the paper. The Conclusion gives a short explanation of what the writer thinks about the essay and the appropriate action that are supposed to be taken for a problem in the essay. In the conclusion the writer gives a likely future  area of study. The writer can write a recommendation. In the last page of the essay the writer should write the reference of the sources of information gathered.

Author is associated with MeldaResearch.com which is a global Academic Essay Writing & Custom research Papers provider. If you would like help in Essay Writing and Buy essays you can visit MeldaResearch.com
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A website with less useful content distracts the attention of the audiences from its product, which can result in less revenue for any company. Most of the webmasters majorly focus about the coding and web designing part of the websites, but generally do not bother about the content, which is one of the major techniques to get the attraction of the visitors.

Here are some of the tips, which can help content writers to write the useful content for their readers:

Clarity of Thoughts in Writing: It is very important to have the intensive knowledge about the subject before writing the content, as clarity in thoughts may provide you more and useful details to write.

User Friendly Language: The content written in a simple language with less complicated terms can do wonders for the readers to get the better understanding of the subject.

Follow Proper Grammar Rules: The articles followed by the correct grammar and punctuation rules help the readers to understand the content quickly. It is one of the most vital ways to have confidence of audiences in your article.

Connectivity with Readers: It is one of the best practices to supply valuable information to the users in your articles, but you need to make sure that it should be related with the main subject.

Use Appropriate Visuals: Associating content with proper visuals can help the readers to understand the content in an accurate way, so that they can retain the information for a longer period.

Establish Link with Reader: A boring writing can get the reader’s attention away from any article. Therefore, it is best to establish a link with audiences by asking some probing questions, or presenting generic thoughts about any subject in the middle of your article.

Web Content According to Search Engines: A superior word selection plays a crucial role in content writing, and it can help any website to have top rankings on the various search engines as well.

The above-mentioned content writing tips can improvise the usability of any website, which helps the entrepreneurs to obtain more and more clients in their business domain.

The author is a highly professional and an experienced Content writer who publishes for Business Development. Visit at http://www.webseocompany.net/ to know more about Content Writing.
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